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The rising prevalence of dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity has led to the emergence of more and more toothpastes on the market that claim to treat these problems. While no such toothpaste existed 20 years ago, today, many brands with different attributes are being offered. However, a study conducted at the University of Bern in Switzerland with the participation of a researcher supported by a scholarship from the São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP showed that none of the nine [...]

Some of Brazil's most important rivers, including the Xingu, Tocantins, Araguaia, São Francisco, Parnaíba, Gurupi, Jequitinhonha, Paraná and Paraguay, rise in the Cerrado, the only savanna in the world with perennial rivers. This biome is at risk owing to rapid conversion to pasture and cropland, in conjunction with inadequate management of preserved areas, despite its tremendous importance as a natural resource to a country with the world's third-largest technically usable hydroelectric [...]

Common sense says a papaya is ripe when the peel is yellow, whereas a green peel is a sign the fruit is far from sufficiently mature. This is often correct, but there are many exceptions. "Yellow peel doesn't always mean the fruit is ripe in the sense that its compounds have been completely converted into sugar, so that it's sweet and soft to the palate," said Douglas Fernandes Barbin, an investigator at the University of Campinas's School of Food Engineering (FEA-UNICAMP) in São Paulo State, [...]

The global warming process may be even more intense than originally forecast unless deforestation can be halted, especially in the tropical regions. This warning has been published in Nature Communications by an international group of scientists. "If we go on destroying forests at the current pace - some 7,000 km² per year in the case of Amazonia - in three to four decades, we'll have a massive accumulated loss. This will intensify global warming regardless of all efforts to reduce [...]

Young males, ethnic minorities and people living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are more likely to experience first-episode psychosis, defined as the first manifestation of one or more severe mental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and depression with psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and cognitive disorganization. This is the main finding of a study conducted by an international consortium that estimated the incidence of first-episode [...]

The presence of yellow fever virus in urine and semen samples from a patient who survived the disease was detected almost a month after the patient was infected, according to a study conducted by researchers at the University of São Paulo's Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-USP) in Brazil in collaboration with colleagues at Butantan Institute, Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute, and Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP). The discovery, made in the course of projects supported [...]

A study being conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo State, Brazil, assembles efforts in clinical and basic research on childhood nephrotic syndrome, focusing on kidney transplant patients. The aim is to identify the genetic mutation profile associated with the disease and thereby facilitate early diagnosis, providing a foundation for more accurate medical decisions and enhancing family counseling. Initial findings from the research, which is part of [...]

Since the pioneering description made in 1758 by Swedish naturalist and father of taxonomy Carl Nilsson Linnaeus (1707-1778), there was officially one single silky anteater species. This short-snouted, pigmy-sized anteater would then be known for its scientific name, Cyclopes didactyla, after its inclusion on the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus' magnum opus responsible for describing more than 4,2 animal species. It is found in tropical forests in South and Central America, as well [...]

Jupiter's icy moon Europa is a major target of astrobiology research in light of the possibility that it offers a habitable environment in the Solar System. Under its ice crust, estimated to be 10 km thick, is an ocean of liquid water of over 100 km deep. A huge source of energy deriving from gravitational interaction with Jupiter keeps this water warm. Theoretical research to evaluate the microbial habitability of Europa using data collected from analogous environments on Earth has been [...]